What We’ve Said

What we’ve said about Disability claims

38 points from 2 episodes, newest first

Also searched as disability paperwork, FMLA, SSDI, SSI, short-term disability, long-term disability, workers' compensation, SSA Blue Book

In short

Most disability paperwork is within a general psychiatrist's scope: figure out which program it is, read its rules, then do an honest medical assessment of diagnosis, impairment and the rational link between them. Disability is a treatment decision as much as a form: time off should come with a bigger treatment plan, and long or permanent leave carries real risks to recovery and employability that the patient should hear about. Keep your politics and feelings out of it, and never sign what you would not testify to under oath.

The basic approach

  1. Do not panic about disability. You do much of what you always do, just with more specific questions and thinking.

    “to handle wrangle with disability, you can do quite a lot of the same stuff you always do, but you're just going to be a bit more specific with certain questions and thinking”
    2:27Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  2. Disability means a lot of different things, so question one is which rule set you are judging it under. Figure out what kind of disability it is, then read the rules, then apply them to this patient.

    “So ask yourself, under what rule set am I determining the presence or absence or degree of disability? That's sort of question one when it comes to the disability claim”
    5:04Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “disability means a lot of different things. So you need to figure out what kind of disability it is first, and only then can you read the rules, and then you can apply it to the specific patient”
    37:29Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025
  3. Know the rules, follow the rules, and do a medical assessment. Each kind of disability has a rule set for deciding whether someone is medically disabled.

    “Yeah, simply follow the rules. So number one, know the rules. Number two, follow the rules. Number three, do a medical assessment”
    8:51Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “I think you just got to follow the rules. Okay. If you look at each particular kind of disability, there is going to be some kind of a rule set for how you determine whether someone is medically disabled”
    36:36Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025
  4. The main questions are what the diagnosis is and what the impairments are. Assess for identifiable psychiatric conditions and level of functioning, honestly, as you normally would, and document it.

    “Diagnosis and assessment for identifiable psychiatric conditions and level of functioning. And document it. That's all you really need to be doing. What is the diagnosis? What are the impairments are the main questions”
    18:46Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “you should just document and evaluate as you normally do for your specialty, and in our case in psychiatry, in an honest fashion. And that's going to be the fundamental first step to assessing disability”
    18:24Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  5. A diagnosis and an impairment are not enough on their own. You need a rational connection between the two: does the reported problem reasonably connect to the identified disorder and its timeline?

    “You need a rational connection between the two. You need to explain properly why one is connected to the other”
    46:24Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “your job is to basically say, does this seem to be reasonably connected to the identifiable disorder and the timeline or not? And you're basically saying, is there a connection between the problem and the disorder”
    38:24Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  6. For temporary disability the question is: do I have enough medical evidence that the patient is impaired to this degree, and that the impairment requires time off to bring them back to health?

    “do I have enough medical evidence to say that they are impaired to X degree and that this impairment requires time off in order to bring them back to health? That's basically the question”
    39:06Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025
  7. You do not have to act like a forensic evaluator. You are still a medical evaluator doing your regular job, and most typical disability paperwork is within the average psychiatric practitioner's scope.

    “Don't believe or feel or act like you have to be a forensic evaluator. You're still a medical evaluator here. You're just doing your regular job”
    28:52Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “I would say that most typical disability paperwork is something that should be in the scope of practice for your average psychiatric practitioner”
    21:23Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  8. Start with a good-faith effort to decide whether a medical intervention is necessary. Sometimes it is.

    “I think we need to start with a good faith effort to determine whether a medical intervention is necessary. And, you know, sometimes it is”
    1:06:27Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

When a patient asks

  1. First ask: what kind of disability do you want help with, do you have paperwork ready for it, and do you have an attorney for it?

    “my first question is, what kind of disability would you like help with? Do you have any paperwork ready for this disability type? Do you have an attorney for this disability type”
    19:31Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

The programs

  1. FMLA is a US federal law giving up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave: no pay, but the job is there at the end.

    “the Family Medical Leave Act. That's a U.S. federal law that gives up to 12 weeks of unpaid job protected leave. So essentially, the person is not getting paid, but their job is protected at the end of it”
    5:21Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  2. For FMLA, the condition has to be serious enough that the person cannot do work, school or regular daily activities, or is so occupied with treatment that they cannot. Ask what their tasks and duties are and whether the condition impairs them.

    “it has to be a serious enough condition medically that you can't do work, school, regular daily activities or that you're so occupied with the treatment that you can't do work, school, regular daily activities”
    6:40Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “All you simply have to do is you have to say, what are their tasks and duties? And is that being impaired by the current condition”
    8:20Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  3. Short-term disability typically runs three to six months, and long-term disability covers longer. Eligibility depends on the policy, and some policies cap mental health benefits at 24 months.

    “short-term disability has, is typically for three to six months. Uh, and long-term disability is when you kind of get greater than that. Um, eligibility is when there is similar. It depends on the policy”
    9:22Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “Some policies will cap like mental health benefits at 24 months, but it really is policy specific”
    10:19Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  4. Some short-term disability is embedded in state law. It is disability insurance, different from unemployment insurance.

    “There's also short-term disability claims that generally are embedded in state law. That's basically unemployment. It's different than unemployment insurance. It's disability insurance”
    10:48Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  5. SSI and SSDI use the same disability rules. The difference is that SSDI requires accumulated Social Security credits.

    “So the disability rules under SSI and SSDI are the same, actually. What's different is that for you to receive SSDI, you have to have accumulated Social Security credits”
    13:11Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  6. For Social Security disability, the real focus is whether the person can sustain full-time work with normal attendance, pace and interpersonal functioning.

    “what they're really focusing on is whether a person can sustain full-time work with normal attendance pace interpersonal functioning”
    14:22Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  7. The Blue Book's mental disorder listings judge function in four areas: understand, remember or apply information; interact with others; concentrate, persist or maintain pace; and adapt or manage oneself.

    “So there's four areas. The first is understand, remember, or apply information. The second is interact with others. The third is concentrate, persist, or maintain pace. And the fourth is adapt or manage oneself”
    37:36Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  8. Even when a claim does not use its rules, the Blue Book is worth reading: it breaks work functioning into areas that familiarize you with different levels and types of impairment.

    “It still breaks down areas of work functioning that can be useful. for you to read, to familiarize yourself with different levels of impairment and different types of impairment that can happen from medical conditions”
    14:54Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  9. For workers' compensation, the psychiatric condition must be diagnosable and directly linked to a workplace exposure. Ordinary stress does not count; it must exceed normal job pressure.

    “the psychiatric condition must be diagnosable and directly linked to a workplace exposure. So ordinary stress is not considered possible. it's not considered here. The stress must exceed a normal amount of job pressure”
    16:27Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  10. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) can help with the functional assessment.

    “one thing that can help with this functionality assessment is the rating scale HUDAS, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, which addresses a lot of these things that we're talking about”
    45:27Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

Diagnosis and personality

  1. The DSM tells lawyers not to use it as a bible, but the law basically treats it as the bible of psychiatric conditions.

    “Despite the DSM explicitly telling legalists not to use it as a manual or Bible, the law basically treats the DSM as the Bible. of psychiatric conditions”
    25:34Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  2. Personality is always active clinically, but it is rarely sufficient to explain someone presenting more acutely.

    “personality is always active clinically, but it's also not sufficient to explain someone who is presenting more acutely. OK, it's basically rarely sufficient to explain that”
    32:41Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  3. A personality disorder is a medical condition. In theory, someone can get SSI for a personality disorder alone.

    “Yes. In theory, you can just have a personality disorder and get SSI. So it is a medical condition”
    42:44Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  4. If you are not experienced in formal malingering assessment, do not call malingering.

    “I don't think it's a good idea for people who are not experienced with malingering assessment, formal malingering assessment to call malingering”
    29:29Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

Treatment plan and duration

  1. Disability is not just signing or not signing the paperwork. It is developing a treatment plan.

    “So part of disability isn't just signing the paperwork or not signing the paperwork. It's developing a treatment plan”
    53:06Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  2. With an exacerbation or a new disorder, the plan cannot be the same thing you were doing before. That is not good medicine.

    “You see an exacerbation or new onset of a mental disorder. What's the treatment plan? It can't be the same thing that you're doing before. That's not good medicine”
    53:59Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  3. Ask how the time off will be used to get the patient better and to keep the problem from happening again.

    “How are we going to use the time that we're going to have you off at work to get you better, to make sure that this kind of problem doesn't happen again for you”
    40:24Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025
  4. Apart from SSI and SSDI, disability is given mostly because we expect recovery at some point, whether on its own, with help, or with ongoing treatment.

    “for all the other types of disability, we give disability mostly because we anticipate that at some point there will be recovery and that recovery might happen on its own. It might happen with assistance or it might happen with ongoing treatment”
    49:43Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  5. Do not grant forever disability unless you think the person truly will be permanently disabled.

    “Don't grant forever disability unless you think that someone is truly going to be permanently disabled”
    54:18Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  6. Long-term disability can and will affect long-term employability, so ask whether this person is really going to benefit.

    “So giving long-term disability will be, and can and will impact long-term employability, you have to really ask yourself, is this someone who is going to benefit”
    58:17Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

Talking to patients

  1. Work provides a structure that protects against many conditions, so talk with the person about the downsides of disability.

    “work actually provides a structure that's very protective for a lot of conditions. So when you're doing these disability assessments, you need to be talking to the person about the downsides of disability”
    56:28Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  2. Advise patients about the risks and benefits of disability paperwork the same way you do with medications.

    “When we give disability paperwork, you should also advise the patient in the same way that you do with medications about the risks to the benefits”
    38:36Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025
  3. People fundamentally do not like to do nothing. They like to create, connect with each other and generate.

    “Human beings fundamentally do not like to do nothing. They like to create things. They like to connect with each other and they like to generate”
    59:39Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

Pitfalls and myths

  1. Do not write anything you would not testify to under oath.

    “Don't write anything that you would not testify to under oath. OK, think about that”
    24:41Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  2. You cannot sign every form for everyone who asks, and you cannot deny everyone on some vague principle.

    “You can't sign every single paperwork for everyone who asked for it. And you can't deny every single person who asked for it on some vague principles”
    1:00:46Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  3. A common mistake: a therapist or psychiatrist puts a patient on disability and then adds no further treatment.

    “I see a lot of patients be put on disability with like, you know, a therapist or a psychiatrist will put them on and then not have any sort of additional treatment that they're providing”
    41:09Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025
  4. Your politics, your views on whether someone should get time off or be paid while not working, and any dislike of their personality disorder should play no part. Be aware of your own patterns and hold them back to be a good evaluator.

    “My thoughts or my politics or considerations of whether or not someone should have time off or whether or not... uh someone should be getting paid while they're not working or whether or not they're i dislike them because of their personality disorder simply should that should not be any sort of that should not be involved whatsoever”
    38:52Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “You've got to be aware of your own patterns and withhold them to be a good evaluator”
    40:16Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  5. Be wary of attorney-generated forms: they are asking you to do free expert work. We do not fill them out unless the case is very clear and the patient needs payments fast.

    “These are forms that are generated by the attorney for you to basically do free expert work. I don't fill out those forms unless I think there's a very clear case and that the patient needs to get disability payments fast”
    22:39Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025
  6. Training often ignores disability and says to send it to a forensic evaluator. That is not appropriate, and you can hardly get a forensic evaluator even for forensic cases.

    “They either ignore it entirely and say, listen, this isn't your job. Send it to a forensic evaluator, which is not appropriate, by the way. You can hardly get a forensic evaluator for forensic cases”
    3:49Disability Claims 101 for Psychiatrists: Programs, Pitfalls, and Practical StepsDec 2025

From these episodes

Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.

Educational content only. Everything here is what was said on the Psychofarm podcast, for clinicians. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for clinical judgment, current labeling or guidelines. An episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it, so check anything before you rely on it.