What We’ve Said

What we’ve said about Augmentation

15 points from 6 episodes, newest first

Also searched as antidepressant augmentation, add-on treatment, adjunctive treatment

In short

Once an antidepressant is at an adequate dose and not working, switching and augmenting are equally supported, and we lean toward augmenting because one drug rarely fixes everything. Go from least harmful to most harmful: buspirone, bupropion and mirtazapine before second-generation antipsychotics, which work but carry real risk. A guest view adds a caution: on the evidence ladder, adding a second antidepressant sits near the bottom.

When we reach for it

  1. If an adequately dosed medication is not working, you either switch or augment, and the research does not show one approach is better. We prefer to augment, because one medication usually does not treat all the ill effects of depression right away.

    “But then if something's not working and it's an adequate dose, you either switch or you augment. Now, I like to augment, but really, the research does not show superiority of one approach or another. You can switch or you can augment”
    13:38Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “Why am I on the augment team? Because I find that one medication usually doesn't immediately treat all the ill effects of depression right away. Most people have sleep problems. Obviously, those sleep problems tend to improve when you've gotten someone to an adequate dose of SSRI”
    15:31Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
  2. For someone on an adequately dosed SSRI or SNRI, add-on options include bupropion, mirtazapine and buspirone, and then the second-generation antipsychotics, which are very popular in the US but high risk.

    “We have someone at a adequately dosed SSRI or SNRI, and we want to add something. As we mentioned, there is Wellbutrin and Mirtazapine, but you could also consider Buspar. And unfortunately or fortunately, you can also venture into the territory of the second generation antipsychotics, which is very popular in the U.S., but high risk”
    37:04Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
  3. We think of bupropion and mirtazapine more as augmenting agents than as first choices.

    “To me, they're early meds to the Bupro and the mirtazapine. In my mind, I consider them to be augmenting agents”
    10:45Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
  4. Order augmentation from least harmful to most harmful. In OCD, clomipramine and fluvoxamine still belong in the primary treatment arm, not the add-on list.

    “So for me, clomipramine and Luvox are still within the primary treatment arm. And then for augmentation, I like to go from least harmful to most harmful”
    32:52Practical OCD Psychopharmacology: Evidence‑Based (& Non Evidence-Based) Medication ApproachAug 2025
  5. For anxiety: if one SSRI fails, switch to another, then consider buspirone or gabapentin as augmenting agents. If the patient is still unresponsive, start choosing by patient characteristics, such as mirtazapine when sleep is a big problem.

    “Typically, I use an SSRI. That doesn't work. I'll switch to another SSRI. We're talking augmenting agents, considering buspirone or gabapentin. If their patient's still unresponsive to, you know, a bunch of these things, you can start kind of going off patient characteristics. If there's a lot of sleep issues, I'll consider mirtazapine”
    36:03Psychiatrist's Guide to Anxiety Medications: First Line to Last ResortJun 2025

Choosing the add-on

  1. Bupropion is a great augmenting choice for low energy and for SSRI-related anorgasmia. It can even help anorgasmia without a mood disorder.

    “great augmenting choice for people with energy issues and anorgasmia from the SRIs. You can actually give bupropion for anorgasmia in the absence of a mood disorder. It seems to help”
    11:13Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
  2. Buspirone works for augmentation. Do not underdose it: start at 15 mg, be ready to go down in a more sensitive patient, and do not be afraid to take it to the max.

    “Works for augmentation. Just don't under dose it. Start at 15. But be ready to go down if it's a patient who's more sensitive to it. And don't be afraid to take it to the max buspirone”
    1:05:32Antidepressant Tier List: Psychiatrists Rank Depression Medications for MDDMay 2026
  3. Buspirone is worth an add-on for almost any kind of neurotic illness: very low risk, within FDA limits and relatively well tolerated.

    “I think mechanistically and experientially, totally worth an add-on for almost any kind of neurotic illness. It's very low risk and within the FDA limits and relatively well-tolerated, not a lot of side effects”
    31:19Practical OCD Psychopharmacology: Evidence‑Based (& Non Evidence-Based) Medication ApproachAug 2025
  4. Second-generation antipsychotics do work as add-ons, and not just because the patients were misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. They probably work through a range of unique receptor effects that an SSRI does not have.

    “I do think they work, and I don't think it's just that it's people misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder or something like that. I suspect it's just that the second-generation antipsychotics have a lot of different receptor effects, unique ones, that are not present if you have a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor”
    37:36Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
  5. Quetiapine as an augmenter has lower tardive dyskinesia risk than the others and is very well tolerated, so well that it can be hard to get patients off it once they are stable.

    “It's got lower risk of tardive dyskinesia than other ones, and it's pretty dang well tolerated. It's so well tolerated, it's hard to get patients off of it sometimes once they're stabilized”
    1:00:19Antidepressant Tier List: Psychiatrists Rank Depression Medications for MDDMay 2026
  6. For OCD, lamotrigine is a reasonable add-on, N-acetylcysteine (a supplement) is particularly good, especially with skin picking, and ondansetron may be one of the most effective add-ons.

    “Lamotrigine is a reasonable option. N-acetylcysteine is particularly good, especially with skin picking. That's a supplement. It's not a prescribed medication. I've been reading more and more about Ondansetron as potentially one of the most effective add-ons for OCD”
    30:36Practical OCD Psychopharmacology: Evidence‑Based (& Non Evidence-Based) Medication ApproachAug 2025

Dosing and safety

  1. Do not dose aripiprazole above 5 mg when you are treating major depression without psychotic features. It is not worth it.

    “Do not dose-abilify above 5 mg if what you are trying to do is trying to treat major depressive disorder without psychotic features. Do not do it. Just don't do it. It's not worth it”
    59:08Antidepressant Tier List: Psychiatrists Rank Depression Medications for MDDMay 2026

Pitfalls and myths

  1. At the bottom of the evidence ladder for difficult depression sit bupropion, mirtazapine and buspirone as add-ons. Taking two antidepressants rarely works better than one, yet it is what we most often do.

    “at the bottom of that evidence ladder sits bupropion and mirtazapine and basically buspirone, another antidepressant augmenting. So taking two antidepressants rarely ever works better than taking one, which is what we most often do”
    36:45The Deficit Model in Psychiatry & Difficult to Treat Depression with Dr. Chris Aiken | Episode 18Mar 2025Guest episode
  2. People reach for an antipsychotic first because we are all primed now to use antipsychotics as augmentation, in depression and even anxiety.

    “people reach for antipsychotic first because they're so used to it now right we're all primed to using the antipsychotic as augmentation depression anxiety even”
    24:54Practical OCD Psychopharmacology: Evidence‑Based (& Non Evidence-Based) Medication ApproachAug 2025
  3. Adding low-dose aripiprazole to another antipsychotic does not add antipsychotic. It usually takes some away, because aripiprazole binds more tightly and at a low dose does not act as an antipsychotic.

    “If you add low dose Abilify to another antipsychotic, you're actually not adding more antipsychotic. You're taking antipsychotic away because the Abilify will bind more tightly most of the time and at a low dose will not be acting as an antipsychotic”
    Choosing Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: Side-Effects, Maximizing Efficacy, and Finding the Right Medication | Episode 17Feb 2025

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Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.

Educational content only. Everything here is what was said on the Psychofarm podcast, for clinicians. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for clinical judgment, current labeling or guidelines. An episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it, so check anything before you rely on it.