Buspirone is a low-risk, well-tolerated add-on for almost any anxious or neurotic illness, it helps SSRI sexual side effects, and it is a good augmenter even in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. It usually fails because it is underdosed: start at 15 mg twice a day, never as a PRN, and push toward the maximum.
When we reach for it
Worth an add-on for almost any kind of neurotic illness: very low risk, within FDA limits, relatively well tolerated, without a lot of side effects.
“I think mechanistically and experientially, totally worth an add-on for almost any kind of neurotic illness. It's very low risk and within the FDA limits and relatively well-tolerated, not a lot of side effects”
31:19Practical OCD Psychopharmacology: Evidence‑Based (& Non Evidence-Based) Medication ApproachAug 2025 It does not seem to cause agitation in people with bipolar disorders, and clinically it is effective for irritability.
“it doesn't cause agitation, as far as we can tell, Um, in people with bipolar. Bipolar disorders. It's effective for irritability, clinically speaking, in my experience”
30:18Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026 For an adequately dosed SSRI or SNRI that needs an add-on, buspirone sits alongside bupropion and mirtazapine. Second-generation antipsychotics are the popular but high-risk alternative.
“We have someone at a adequately dosed SSRI or SNRI, and we want to add something. As we mentioned, there is Wellbutrin and Mirtazapine, but you could also consider Buspar. And unfortunately or fortunately, you can also venture into the territory of the second generation antipsychotics, which is very popular in the U.S., but high risk”
37:04Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025 It is quite a good augmenting agent in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders for people who tolerate it. We will go up to about 90 mg, watching for sedation and orthostasis.
“And I am willing to take it up to 90 milligrams or so, but you have to look out for the sedation orthostasis. And I actually think it's quite a good augmenting agent in the direct treatment Of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disorders for the people who can tolerate it”
52:58Antipsychotic Tier List: Ranking the Best and Worst Anti-psychoticsOct 2026 In PTSD, some patients find it adequately sedating at a high dose.
“You can get away with buspar, forgot to mention. In some patients, it's adequately sedating at a high dose”
16:51PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025
Dosing and titration
Do not underdose it. It is often written off because it was never adequately dosed. Titrate fairly aggressively and do not be afraid to take it to the max, but do not expect the moon and the stars: it gives a modest benefit. We have seen it work better at the higher dose range.
“I think the big lesson I'm taking from you is pushing the dose, starting at higher doses than I used to start”
32:10Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026 Also said in 3 more episodes
“Works for augmentation. Just don't under dose it. Start at 15. But be ready to go down if it's a patient who's more sensitive to it. And don't be afraid to take it to the max buspirone”
1:05:32Antidepressant Tier List: Psychiatrists Rank Depression Medications for MDDMay 2026 “I've started using Buspar more since we've been talking and have liked it and seen it be more effective at the higher dose range”
17:27Psychiatrist's Guide to Anxiety Medications: First Line to Last ResortJun 2025 “What I found is that it was probably not being adequately dosed. You can be relatively aggressive with the titration of it. And you shouldn't expect it to give you the moon and the stars. It's got a little bit of benefit”
41:07Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025 The starting dose is 30 mg a day, divided: at minimum 15 in the morning and 15 at night. The 7.5 mg tablet is deceptive; that is for titrating once you are already at the starting dose. Loading most of the dose at night is fine if tolerated.
“It's deceptive because it comes in seven and a half, right? Makes you think you should start there. But really that's where titrating up once you're already at the starting dose of 30 a day. and divide the doses naturally”
17:36Psychiatrist's Guide to Anxiety Medications: First Line to Last ResortJun 2025 Also said in 1 more episode
“I start minimum 15 milligrams in the morning, 15 milligrams at night. I'm not terribly opposed to loading most of the dose at night if it's tolerated”
20:43PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025 Below about 20 mg a day it acts more like an SSRI, with more serotonin agonism, and seems to disrupt sleep. That is one reason to start at 30.
“Low-dose buspirone, as I mentioned, like an SSRI, is more serotonin agonism and seems to cause sleep disruption. Sleep disruption. This is at total daily doses below 20 milligrams. It's one of the reasons why I usually try to start at total daily dose of 30 milligrams, 15 and 15”
57:16Sleep Medications Treatment Tier List: Best Insomnia Medications RankedAug 2026 If it makes the patient very sedated, cut the morning dose in half or stop it.
“you want to start at minimum 15 in the morning, 15 at night. That's the starter dose. Now, what I do say to patients is that if this happens to make you very sedated, then cut the morning dose in half or stop it”
19:44Psychiatrist's Guide to Anxiety Medications: First Line to Last ResortJun 2025 Give it at least twice a day. The half-life is short, and you need an adequate serum level.
“make sure you're giving it at least twice a day. The half-life is relatively short, and you need to reach an adequate serum level. So twice a day is minimum, you're probably not going to get very much out of it if you're not doing it at least twice a day”
41:59Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025 A typical climb: 15 and 15, then 15 and 25, then 25 and 25, which puts you about 10 mg under the usual FDA daily maximum.
“it goes from 15 to 15, 15 and 15 to 15 and 25, for example, and then 25 and 25. OK, and then at that point, you're about 10 milligrams down from the typical FDA daily maximum”
42:59Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025 It is not a PRN. Like the SSRIs and SNRIs, it takes a few weeks to kick in.
“And it's not a as needed medication. It's not a PRN. It's something that takes a few weeks to kick in just like the SSRIs and the SNRIs”
32:46Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026
Side effects and safety
It does not have sexual side effects, and it has very few long-term side effects compared with the other medications.
“beyond that, it doesn't have the sexual side effects. And it has very few side effects long term, I think, compared to any of the other medications”
31:07Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026 For SSRI sexual side effects, buspirone and bupropion are the most helpful add-ons; otherwise you are switching or lowering the dose.
“For sexual side effects, main ones, buspar and bupropion. Those are going to be most helpful. and otherwise switching of the medication or lowering the dose are pretty much your choices”
57:09Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025
Pearls
Adding buspirone to a D2 blocker builds a synthetic second-generation receptor profile. Push the dose and it is almost a second antipsychotic.
“You're basically kind of doing a synthetic second generation style receptor profile by adding buspirone to something that has D2 blockade. And then by pushing the dose, it's almost a second antipsychotic”
53:14Antipsychotic Tier List: Ranking the Best and Worst Anti-psychoticsOct 2026
Compared with others
Vilazodone is an SSRI plus 5-HT1A partial agonism, which is a reason not to use it: you can put buspirone on top of an SSRI instead.
“the mechanism of action is an SSRI plus 5-HT1 partial agonism. So I think that's actually a reason not to use it because I do like using Buspirone on top of SSRIs”
29:02Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026 Gepirone probably works about as well as buspirone, or worse because it is probably less antipsychotic, and it is far too expensive. There is no good reason to use it.
“I suspect it works about as well as Buspirone or perhaps worse because it's probably less antipsychotic. Than buspirone And it's way too expensive because it's brand new. So there's no good reason to use it”
52:08Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026
It also comes up on
- AnxietyThe usual order: an SSRI, then another SSRI, then augmenting with buspirone or gabapentin. If they are still unresponsive, go by patient characteristics, such as mirtazapine for a lot of sleep trouble.
- AugmentationFor anxiety: if one SSRI fails, switch to another, then consider buspirone or gabapentin as augmenting agents. If the patient is still unresponsive, start choosing by patient characteristics, such as mirtazapine when sleep is a big problem.
- Lavender oilFor the effect size we perceive as clinicians, we can get patients somewhere similar with buspirone (BuSpar), so we are not huge fans.
- SSRIsFor anxiety: an SSRI, then another SSRI, then augmenting agents like buspirone or gabapentin. If they are still unresponsive, go by patient characteristics, such as mirtazapine for a lot of sleep trouble.
- Treatment-resistant depressionAt the bottom of the evidence ladder sit bupropion, mirtazapine and buspirone augmentation. Taking two antidepressants rarely works better than one, yet that is what we most often do.
- AnxietyWhen the picture is likely trauma or personality and the diagnosis is still undifferentiated, start with smaller things (gabapentin, hydroxyzine, buspirone, propranolol) rather than serotonin-based medications, because of the risk of agitating an unrecognized bipolar disorder.
- AugmentationAt the bottom of the evidence ladder for difficult depression sit bupropion, mirtazapine and buspirone as add-ons. Taking two antidepressants rarely works better than one, yet it is what we most often do.
- Borderline personality disorderWhen the picture is likely trauma or personality and the diagnosis is undifferentiated, start with smaller things such as gabapentin, hydroxyzine, buspirone or propranolol, not serotonergic drugs, because of the risk of agitating a bipolar disorder.
From these episodes
- Antipsychotic Tier List: Ranking the Best and Worst Anti-psychoticsOct 2026 · 2 points
- Sleep Medications Treatment Tier List: Best Insomnia Medications RankedAug 2026 · 1 point
- Anxiety Medications Tier List: The Best and Worst Treatments for GADJul 2026 · 6 points
- Antidepressant Tier List: Psychiatrists Rank Depression Medications for MDDMay 2026 · 1 point
- Practical OCD Psychopharmacology: Evidence‑Based (& Non Evidence-Based) Medication ApproachAug 2025 · 1 point
- Psychiatrist's Guide to Anxiety Medications: First Line to Last ResortJun 2025 · 3 points
- PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025 · 2 points
- Treating Depression: Practical Tips & Pearls for Anti-Depressant MedicationsJan 2025 · 5 points
Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.