What We’ve Said

What we’ve said about Medication monitoring

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Also searched as lab monitoring, lithium levels, drug levels

In short

On lithium, watch kidney function, thyroid and calcium, and tell patients the labs make the drug extra safe rather than signaling danger. If someone will never get labs, lithium is probably not the right drug, though in a low-resource clinic a competent patient who understands the risk may take moderate doses without them. Depakote monitoring is simpler (platelets and ammonia), and oxcarbazepine levels are optional.

What to monitor

  1. On lithium, the main labs are kidney function, thyroid function and calcium.

    “We're looking for kidney function, right? We're looking for thyroid function, and we're looking for calcium levels. That's the simplistic way of saying it. Those are the main ones that we're going to see being impacted on labs”
    26:23Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026
  2. High lithium levels guarantee a decline in kidney function; high Depakote levels do not guarantee end-organ damage. With Depakote you mostly watch for low platelets and hyperammonemia.

    “high levels of lithium guarantee you decline of kidney function. High levels of Depakote do not guarantee any end-organ dysfunction necessarily. You've got to monitor for it, but it's not a guarantee. You're pretty much looking out for a low platelet issue. Hyperammonemia, the liver producing too much ammonia”
    38:52Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026
  3. You do not need levels on oxcarbazepine. Some people check them, but one of us does not find them clinically helpful.

    “Just warn about it. You don't need to get levels on oxcarbazepine, but you can. Some people do that. I don't find that very helpful clinically”
    58:20Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026
  4. Ordering labs is not as time-intensive as it seems. You can make a lab requisition form and hand it to the patient.

    “Ordering labs is not as big a deal. It's not as time intensive as I once imagined. It's not like you need to go on a website and fax things and all these things. You can make a lab requisition form and give it to the patient”
    33:17Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026

When labs are hard to get

  1. If you know a patient will never follow up for labs, lithium probably is not the right medication.

    “if you have a patient that absolutely you know is never going to follow up for labs, lithium probably is not the medication, the correct medication”
    21:07Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026
  2. In a low-resource clinic where many patients refuse or cannot get labs, one of us titrates to around 750 or even 900 mg before the first level, depending on reported adverse effects.

    “I will titrate Up to the range of around 750 or even 900 depending on the reported adverse effects even without the first lab draw. But this is because I'm in a low resource clinic where despite my efforts many people will refuse or be unable to get lab draws”
    20:26Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026
  3. Long term, the same clinician will give up to 450 or maybe 600 mg without labs if the patient is competent and has the capacity to understand the risks.

    “I'm willing to give up to 450 or maybe even 600 of lithium without labs in the long run if the patient is competent, has the capacity to understand the risks that they're taking on”
    21:39Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026

Talking to patients

  1. We don't do labs because this medication is unsafe. We do them so this medication is extra safe.

    “I literally say to the patients, like the way I think about it is we don't do labs because this medication is unsafe. It's because we're doing this labs, this medication is extra safe”
    26:08Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder: Lithium, Lamotrigine, Depakote & MoreJul 2026

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From these episodes

Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.

Educational content only. Everything here is what was said on the Psychofarm podcast, for clinicians. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for clinical judgment, current labeling or guidelines. An episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it, so check anything before you rely on it.