What We’ve Said

What we’ve said about Circadian rhythm

27 points from 8 episodes, newest first

Also searched as sleep-wake cycle

In short

Regulating the day and night cycle helps any depression and is central in bipolar disorder, where the clock is looser and easily knocked around: anchor the wake time, keep regular sleep hours, shift sleep in small steps, get outside in the morning light and keep the bedroom dark. When the problem is the clock rather than insomnia, reach for melatonin and light, and remember lithium is one of the few psychiatric medications that regulates the rhythm.

How we use it

  1. Whatever the cause of a depression, regulate the daytime and nighttime cycle: good sleep hygiene and protected sleep time.

    “no matter what the cause of the depression is, you want to really regulate your daytime, nighttime cycle. You want to make sure that you're having good sleep hygiene and that you're protecting your sleep time”
    23:55What Patients Should Know When Diagnosed With DepressionSep 2026
  2. Build stability so the days have patterns. Wake up at the same time every day, with a little morning routine to get things going.

    “if you can make that circle kind of have consistent little divvies in terms of when those things happen, your body chemistry starts to learn and get used to those little patterns and those waves”
    1:01:11How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “building a stability in their life so that their days have particular patterns. And things that are really helpful is waking up at the same time every day. When you wake up, having a little bit of a routine in the morning to kind of get things going”
    39:43What Patients Should Know When Diagnosed With DepressionSep 2026
  3. Wake time is the anchor. Once the patient gets over the hump, waking at the same time becomes a staple to build around, and going to bed at the same time gets easier.

    “once you kind of get over that hump, waking up at the same time becomes like a staple that you can kind of build around. And what you'll see is it's actually easier to go to bed at the same time when you're waking up at the same time”
    6:18Sleep Medications Treatment Tier List: Best Insomnia Medications RankedAug 2026
  4. Shift sleep gradually. Do not go from 2 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. in one step; move in 15-minute steps every couple of nights so the patient can see progress.

    “we're not going to go from 2 a.m. to 10.30 p.m. In one step, we're going to do it in 15 minute steps every couple of nights and that you can see yourself making progress”
    16:02Dr. Jim Phelps’ Bipolar Treatment Tier List: Lessons from 30+ Years in PsychiatryJul 2026Guest episode
  5. Stabilize sleep and a lot of mental health improves on its own, because much of everything else is hard to do when you are not sleeping correctly.

    “if you stabilize sleep for a patient, they're going to get a lot of their mental health better on their own because there's a lot you can't do in terms of the other activities we just talked about if you're not sleeping correctly”
    31:52Beyond Medications: The Best Lifestyle Treatments for Mental HealthFeb 2025
  6. Keep regular sleep hours: a regular bedtime and a regular rise time, for about seven to eight hours, preferably a little closer to eight.

    “it's really important that you have regular sleep hours, a regular bedtime and a regular rise time for about seven to eight hours, preferably a little closer to eight”
    11:23How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  7. When sleep has shifted late, work toward an earlier bedtime and an earlier rise time. This is called a phase advance: the phase of sleep has been delayed, and you advance it in the reverse direction.

    “an earlier bedtime and an earlier rise time. This in the technical literature is called a phase advance. The phase of sleep has been delayed and we're going to advance it in the reverse direction”
    26:21How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode

Light

  1. Light is the one time giver that sets the circadian rhythm more powerfully than the rest: its appearance in the morning and its disappearance in the evening. When you eat, when you see your first person and when you get physical activity are time givers too.

    “there is one variable, one Zeitgeber, one time giver that sets our circadian rhythm more powerfully than the rest. And that one is light, the appearance of light in the morning and the disappearance of light in the evening”
    7:40How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “Like when do you have your meals? When do you see your first person? When do you get physical activity? Those also are time givers”
    8:05How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  2. A low-hanging fruit: tell patients to get 15 minutes of sunlight within the first hour of waking up.

    “the thing I said to patients is like 15 to 30 minutes of sunlight in the morning, ideally within an hour of you waking up, makes such a big difference”
    55:55How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “telling patients to get 15 minutes of sunlight within the first hour of them waking up”
    36:21What Patients Should Know When Diagnosed With DepressionSep 2026
  3. The ideal is to go outside and do something active in the morning. Even on an overcast day the blue wavelength gets through. The Western solution is to buy a light box and stay on the computer.

    “Even on an overcast day, the blue wavelength still gets through. The ideal thing is go outside and do something active in the morning. The Western solution is buy a light box and stay on your computer”
    36:16Dr. Jim Phelps’ Bipolar Treatment Tier List: Lessons from 30+ Years in PsychiatryJul 2026
  4. People who work indoors under fluorescent office lighting are just not getting enough light during the day.

    “people who live in an indoor environment lit with fluorescent lights, as people do where they work in an office, they're just not getting enough light during the day”
    35:19Dr. Jim Phelps’ Bipolar Treatment Tier List: Lessons from 30+ Years in PsychiatryJul 2026Guest episode
  5. Light exposure is accessible, low harm and low cost, and it weaves into sleep regulation, behavioral activation and exercise at once.

    “I like to recommend treatments that are already accessible and are low harm and low cost and light exposure. can therefore be weaved into your sleep regulation and your behavioral activation and your exercise”
    33:29Beyond Medications: The Best Lifestyle Treatments for Mental HealthFeb 2025
  6. Not all light is created equal. Different wavelengths affect the brain differently, and only one of them, blue light, sets the circadian rhythm (a discovery from about 2000).

    “in the year of about 2000, it was discovered that not all light is created equal. The different wavelengths of light affect our brain differently, and only one of them sets circadian rhythm, and that is blue light”
    33:10How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  7. Darkness is a central ingredient in the rhythm, and except in a few places in the world we just do not get enough of it. What is natural is that it gets dark when the sun goes down; what is not natural is staying up under electric light until we choose to go to bed.

    “Darkness is a central ingredient in this rhythm process. And as humans, except for a few places in the world anymore, we just don't get enough darkness”
    5:15How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “What's natural is that when the sun goes down, it gets dark. And what's not natural is what we all have been doing, which is staying up using electric light to stay awake until we choose to go to bed”
    29:18How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  8. The very first question for patients, and for yourself, is how dark the bedroom is. If it is not dark, you have been working against the tide the whole time.

    “the very first question for your clients and your patients and you is how dark is your bedroom? If your bedroom isn't dark, you've been working against the tide the whole time”
    16:51How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  9. You need a dawn signal, something that simulates dawn. Those are commercially available and are called dawn simulators.

    “You need a dawn signal, something that simulates dawn. Well, those are commercially available. They are called dawn simulators”
    18:54How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode

Medications

  1. Recognize when you are dealing with a circadian disorder rather than insomnia. There, go more for melatonin and a bright light regimen.

    “You're dealing with a circadian disorder rather than an insomnia. Not that we have insomnia defined well. There, you should be going more for melatonin and bright light regimen”
    1:01:21Insomnia and Sleep Medications in PsychiatryDec 2024
  2. We mostly use melatonin for sleep-wake cycle regulation: shift work, international travel, and people with a bad circadian rhythm for endogenous or behavioral reasons.

    “I mostly use it for sleep-wake cycle regulation. For example, shift work, international travel, and people who have a bad circadian rhythm for either endogenous or behavioral reasons, basically”
    45:53Sleep Medications Treatment Tier List: Best Insomnia Medications RankedAug 2026
  3. Lithium is one of the only psychiatric medications that regulates the circadian rhythm. The closest we have come to finding genes for bipolar disorder links them to the clock genes, and lithium normalizes their expression.

    “lithium is one of the only psych meds that regulates the circadian rhythm the genes for bipolar the closest we've come to finding the genes for bipolar is linking them to the clock genes that regulate the circadian rhythm. And we know that lithium normalizes the expression of those clock genes”
    23:27The Deficit Model in Psychiatry & Difficult to Treat Depression with Dr. Chris Aiken | Episode 18Mar 2025Guest episode
  4. In someone with neurodevelopmental traits but not ADHD, such as autistic traits, sleep-wake dysregulation is common. Give something that is not habit forming.

    “someone who seems to have neurodevelopmental but not adhd uh like autistic traits uh often you see dysregulation the sleep-wake cycle i'm going to give something not habit forming”
    54:24How to Decide When ADHD Is Actually ADHDNov 2025

Talking to patients

  1. With bipolar disorder, teach the long game: you are not trying to treat the symptoms, you are trying to stop the cycling.

    “with bipolar, you're teaching about the long game. I think he had a quote. I think he said I got it from a mentor of you're not trying to treat the symptoms. You're trying to stop the cycling”
    29:57Dr. Jim Phelps’ Bipolar Treatment Tier List: Lessons from 30+ Years in PsychiatryJul 2026
  2. We evolved in rhythms (night and day, the seasons, the tides), and the body loves rhythm and regularity.

    “our body loves, like, we evolved in rhythms. We evolved in that there's a night and a day. There's seasons. The, you know, the tides. Like, everything has rhythms and regularity”
    48:28Beyond Medications: The Best Lifestyle Treatments for Mental HealthFeb 2025
  3. Use how we evolved as the roadmap for the idealized day: around 5 to 6 p.m. the sunlight slowly goes down, there is no light at all from 7 to 10, you fall asleep naturally at 10, and you wake up to the slowly rising sun.

    “Then you exercise, you run around, and then around 5 to 6 p.m., the sunlight slowly goes down, and then you have no light whatsoever from 7 to 10. You fall asleep naturally at 10, and then you wake up to the slowly rising sun, and that's the perfect idealized rhythm”
    42:44How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026

Pearls

  1. The role of the circadian rhythm in what bipolar disorder is keeps getting more prominent, and social rhythm therapy goes right after that basic cause of the mood disturbances.

    “The circadian rhythm, the role of circadian rhythm in What is bipolar is getting more prominent and social rhythm therapy is a way to go right after that basic cause of the mood disturbances”
    2:27How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  2. People with bipolar disorder have a looser circadian rhythm, more easily knocked around by staying up too late and especially by exposure to light and darkness; even the retina differs in its sensitivity to light. They are the most susceptible to circadian disruption, so this work helps them most.

    “people with bipolarity have kind of looser circadian rhythm. It's more susceptible to being knocked around by variables like you stayed up too late and particularly exposure to light and darkness”
    11:53How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
    Also said in 2 more episodes
    “I think of it as bipolar individuals are the most susceptible to circadian disruptions. So that IPSRT and this stuff is most helpful to those patients”
    3:22How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026
    “what's different about the retina, not just the central system, but even the retina is different in people with bipolar in terms of sensitivity to light”
    12:09How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
  3. In bipolar disorder the clock invites people to stay up late: night owls, not morning people. Staying up late and then getting up at 6:30 or 7 for work, school or family makes it hard to get out of bed, because they have not had enough sleep.

    “People with bipolar have clocks that invite them to stay up late, the night owls. They're not really morning people”
    25:15How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “If people are staying up late and then trying to get up early, like 6.30 or 7 to go to work or go to school or take care of their family, then they find it difficult to get out of bed. It's hard to wake up because you haven't had enough sleep”
    16:02How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026Guest episode

Pitfalls and myths

  1. Use common sense: night shift is the worst thing a human being can do. Do not let patients who say it barely affects them convince you otherwise.

    “Use common sense. Night shift is the worst thing a human being can do. Yeah. Don't let people convince you of things that go against your common sense”
    1:10:25How to Stabilize Mood without Medications: Social Rhythm Therapy Anyone Can Use with Dr. Jim PhelpsNov 2026

It also comes up on

From these episodes

Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.

Educational content only. Everything here is what was said on the Psychofarm podcast, for clinicians. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for clinical judgment, current labeling or guidelines. An episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it, so check anything before you rely on it.