Ruptures in the alliance are inevitable and often subtle, especially withdrawal, and what predicts a poor outcome is a rupture left unrepaired, while repaired ruptures go with good outcomes. Notice them, including through your own reactions, name what is happening between you, own your part, and treat a rupture that shows up live in the session as an opportunity.
What it is
"Rupture" sounds like a big dramatic clash, but it includes very subtle signs of not being quite on the same page or not being completely comfortable with each other.
“the word rupture sounds like a big dramatic clash between two people but we use it more broadly to include even very subtle signs of not being quite on the same page not being completely comfortable with each other”
3:20Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode The alliance rests on agreement about the goals you are working toward and about the tasks the treatment involves.
“patient and therapist, do they agree on the goals of what they're trying to work towards? Then there's tasks. So any kind of treatment involves tasks”
2:24Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode There are two broad kinds: withdrawal, moving away, and confrontation, moving against.
“the other broad category of rupture is confrontation. So withdrawal moving away, confrontation moving against”
19:29Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode Some rupture is inevitable: both people have needs, and at points those needs will clash.
“it's inevitable that at points those needs are going to clash or collide or conflict with each other. So in that sense, some kind of rupture is inevitable”
4:24Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode
Why it matters
Unrepaired ruptures lead to poor outcome. Repaired ruptures are strongly associated with good outcome.
“rupture repair predicts good outcome. So it's really that unrepaired ruptures lead to poor outcome. Repaired ruptures have been so associated with good outcome”
20:50Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode You are going to make mistakes; that is human. Then you repair it or the patient leaves and finds somebody else, and a repair is a chance to understand more and end up with a closer working relationship.
“you're going to make mistakes, right? That's human. And... They present these really amazing opportunities to learn more, better understand, and actually become closer and have a better working relationship on the other side of it”
21:52Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode Also said in 1 more episode
“You're going to make mistakes. There's going to be ruptures in the relationship, and then you'll have to repair it or the patient will leave and find somebody else”
10:13Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025 Patients with severe impairment have not been taught to repair a rupture together with the other person. That is one reason psychotherapy is so important in their treatment.
“When there is a fracture, a rupture in a relationship, they have not been taught to, they are not accustomed to repairing that together with the other person, which this is an example of why the psychotherapy is so important in treatment”
1:01:11Assessment of Personality: Practical Assessment in a Short TimeframeMay 2025 For patients: the easiest way to tell if you are in a good therapy is how your therapist responds when you bring up issues about the therapy itself.
“the easiest way to tell if you are in a good therapy or not is how your therapist responds to you bringing up issues about being in the therapy itself”
34:06What Patients Should Know When Diagnosed With DepressionSep 2026
Spotting it
Pay attention to subtle micro moves and to your own internal reactions. A sense that something is a little off, or that you are uncomfortable or bored, is an opportunity to be curious.
“paying attention to the subtle micro moves that we can see or also our own internal reactions. Right. Like your sense, something's a little off or I'm a little uncomfortable or I'm a little bored or whatever. That's an opportunity to be curious”
7:49Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode Withdrawal can happen while the patient talks a lot: not answering the question, going abstract, intellectualizing, like high-minded talk of Buddhist non-clinging and being okay with a painful situation.
“you could be talking a lot, but you're still withdrawing. So I'm not really answering your question and I'm going really abstract and over here and over there”
10:37Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode Also said in 1 more episode
“he was super intellectualizing of being like talking about like Buddhist philosophy and non-clinging and, you know, very high minded ideas of, you know, uh being okay with the situation”
12:31Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025 How intense it is and how long it lasts separate a minor withdrawal ("did I just see something?") from a major one.
“how intense it is or how long it lasts. will sort of be the distinction between a minor withdrawal that you're like, oh, did I just see something? Maybe I'm not sure”
12:01Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode During a trauma intake, monitor the patient's state question by question. Without that, irritation can build unnoticed until a really upsetting question brings an angry, emotional reaction.
“she was slightly getting more and more irritated by my questions because I think it was that they were triggering. And when I finally got to something that was really, really upsetting for her and because I wasn't doing a great job monitoring. She got really emotional, she got angry at me”
56:19Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026 Also said in 1 more episode
“I wasn't doing a good job monitoring her state on the questions. And after looking back, when I thought about what was going on, she was slightly getting more and more irritated by my questions because I think it was”
54:20Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
How to repair
Frame and alliance are techniques, not just concepts: notice when you or the patient step out of the frame or when the alliance ruptures, and know how you would repair it.
“the technique is to notice when you or the patient are stepping out of the frame or to notice when there are ruptures in the alliance and how you would repair that”
6:33Psychodynamic Technique and Therapeutic Intervention: ContainmentApr 2026 Use metacommunication: talk about what is happening, communicate about how you are communicating.
“we talk about this in terms of metacommunication. That's the fancy word for, like, let's talk about what's happening. Let's communicate about how we're communicating”
14:20Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode When something comes up live in the session, that is gold. Explore it while you are both feeling the feelings and thinking the thoughts.
“when something comes up like live, in the session i mean that's gold right we want to mine that it's happening right now it's like this amazing opportunity to explore something live to explore something while you're feeling the feelings and thinking the thoughts”
49:12Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode Ruptures and repairs are co-constructed, so there is no five-step recipe that leaves out the patient.
“both ruptures and repairs, we say they're co-constructed, like both people are part of creating it. So that's also for therapists, we can't say do these five things because that leaves out the patient”
16:58Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode Take responsibility for your contribution: "No wonder you're confused, I wasn't clear." Or: "I was rushing you because I was worried about this."
“it could be also taking responsibility for our own contributions to it, right? Oh, no wonder you're confused. I wasn't clear. Or I was pushing you. I was rushing you because I was worried about this or that”
17:36Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode
Talking to patients
In a fast medication visit, name the process rather than react: "The way we're interacting seems to be bringing up a lot of irritability. We're not really on the same page. What do you suppose is going on?"
“You seem irritable today. What do you suppose is going on? The way we're interacting now seems to be kind of bringing up a lot of irritability. We're not really on the same page. What do you suppose is going on? Probably much more effective”
16:11Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025 If questions seem to be irritating a patient, say so: "It seems like I'm irritating you, and I don't blame you. These are annoying questions, and it might not be clear why I'm asking so much or in this way."
“I notice that as we're doing this, it seems like I'm irritating you and I don't blame you for that. These are annoying questions. I'm sure you've been asked about them a lot and might not seem clear right away why I'm asking so much or in this way”
55:32Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
Pitfalls
Do not treat ruptures as big, scary events. They are going to happen, they can be small, and they present opportunities; that attitude lets you approach them with openness, non-defensiveness and curiosity.
“Let's think about it more as, you know, they're going to happen. They can be small. They present opportunities. And I think that attitude helps us approach them with openness, non-defensiveness, curiosity”
6:32Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode People picture ruptures as explosive, but withdrawal, and receding your own needs, is a huge blind spot for therapists.
“they think of ruptures as like these very explosive things. And especially for therapists, withdrawal and receding your own needs is a huge blind spot”
8:52Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025 When a patient is describing something painful, it is not the time to connect it to the past or intellectualize. Be there and sit with the emotion.
“this wasn't a time to make a connection to the past or, you know, like intellectualize and think of all the way that connections in this person's life. This is a time to be there and sit there with that emotion”
48:40Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025 So far, research comparing online and in-person therapy finds little to no difference.
“So far, research comparing online therapy and in-person therapy are finding little to no difference”
45:43Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025Guest episode
It also comes up on
- Medication managementRupture and repair is the most practical training for medication management, not just therapy.
- Psychiatric trainingRupture and repair training is among the most practical training there is, and its skills get used constantly in medication management, not just therapy.
- SupervisionRupture and repair training is the most practical training there is, and the skills get used constantly in medication management, not just therapy.
From these episodes
- Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026 · 1 point
- What Patients Should Know When Diagnosed With DepressionSep 2026 · 1 point
- Psychodynamic Technique and Therapeutic Intervention: ContainmentApr 2026 · 1 point
- Why the Therapeutic Alliance Matters in Psychiatry: Recognizing and Repairing Ruptures with Dr. Catherine EubanksNov 2025 · 19 points
- Handling Difficult Situations in Psychiatry: ADHD Evaluations, Benzo Requests, Disability Claims, and Involuntary AdmissionsOct 2025 · 1 point
- Assessment of Personality: Practical Assessment in a Short TimeframeMay 2025 · 1 point
- Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025 · 2 points
Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.