What We’ve Said

What we’ve said about Dissociation

16 points from 5 episodes, newest first

Also searched as dissociative symptoms, dissociative disorders, freezing

In short

Dissociation is the unlinking of parts of the mind that normally go together, and it ranges from a subtle pause to a blank, absent state that is easy to miss. It can hide a trauma history, and the voices and shadows it produces are not psychosis and do not respond to dopamine blockade.

What it is

  1. Read it as dis-association. Any two parts of the mind can be linked, a memory with words or a behavior with an emotion. In dissociation, two parts that would normally be connected become unlinked.

    “Any two parts of the mind can be associated. You can link them together. A memory can be linked to words, your ability to talk about it. A behavior can be linked to an emotion. But in disassociation, it's when any two parts of the mind that would or could be normally linked together, connected, become disassociated”
    34:03Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “I think the easiest way to conceptualize a clinician person is to separate out the word. It's disassociation. OK, any two parts of the mind can be associated. right? You can link them together. A memory can be linked to words, right”
    32:56Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
  2. In a normal memory the sensations, emotions and thoughts are integrated into your sense of self and other. In a traumatic event those parts do not get integrated into a whole experience that can be processed.

    “in a normal memory, you have this integration of the sensations, the emotions, the thoughts that you were having. And it gets integrated into your idea of self and other. When you have a traumatic event, it's almost as if all these different parts don't get integrated”
    32:46Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “in a normal memory, you have this integration of the sensations, the emotions, the thoughts that you were having, and it gets integrated into your idea of self and other. When you have a traumatic event, it's almost as if all these different parts don't get integrated into a holistic experience of an event that's able to be processed”
    31:48Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025

How it shows up

  1. Freezing and dissociation can be so subtle that they read as hesitation, thinking, or not wanting to answer. You have to be pretty attentive to catch it.

    “some freezing and dissociation can be so subtle that some people might read it as hesitation or just kind of thinking to themselves for some period or not being interested in answering certain questions. You got to be pretty attentive sometimes to catch this kind of thing”
    41:19Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “some freezing and dissociation can be so subtle that some people might read it as hesitation or just kind of thinking to themselves for some period or not being interested in answering certain questions. You got to be pretty attentive sometimes to catch this kind of thing”
    39:28Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
  2. There is a huge spectrum, from some small disconnection to a full dissociative state where the face goes blank and the person almost seems not present.

    “I think there's a huge spectrum of dissociation from, as you said, just a disconnected... Some small thing disconnected to experiencing someone in a full dissociative state where their mind goes... You can see their face goes blank. It's almost as if they're not present”
    40:30Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “there's a huge spectrum of dissociation from, as you said, just a disconnected... Some small thing disconnected to experiencing someone in a full dissociative state where their mind goes... You can see their face goes blank. It's almost as if they're not present”
    38:41Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
  3. Dysregulation and plain dissociation are what we worry about in medication visits and diagnostic interviews, and they are easy to miss if you are not following the affect.

    “we're definitely worried about dysregulation and we're definitely worried about uh plain disassociation and that can be easy to miss if you're not following the affect”
    10:35Psychodynamic Technique and Therapeutic Intervention: ContainmentApr 2026
  4. Asked afterward what they just experienced, a patient who was dissociating may say nothing, that they were not really thinking about much at all.

    “there's a patient that I at first didn't know they were dissociating. And when I asked them, like, what did they just experience? They said, like, nothing. I wasn't really thinking about much at all. And it's like, what was different”
    39:52Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025

Taking the history

  1. Patients might forget to tell you about their traumas. It seems that part of the memory is dissociated.

    “they might forget to tell you. I've had that happen multiple times in multiple cases. It seems to be that part of the memory seems to be dissociated”
    25:12Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026
    Also said in 1 more episode
    “they might forget to tell you. I've had that happen multiple times in multiple cases. It seems to be that part of the memory seems to be dissociated”
    24:15Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
  2. Dissociation of memory is very common, and in moderate to severe cases it can leave patients unable to tell an organized story of what happened.

    “dissociation of memory is very common. And as a result, especially in people with more moderate to severe cases or with other existing comorbidities and vulnerabilities, their ability to either tell you a organized story of what has”
    34:27Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
  3. Patients often have no idea that their hyperarousal or intrusive flashbacks are linked to a past event.

    “the more extreme responses and the hyper arousal and the intrusive flashbacks, people commonly have no connection. link to what those experiences are it's not all the time but often they have no idea that it's linked to some past event”
    36:41Understanding Trauma and PTSD, Diagnosis and Dissociation | Episode 21Apr 2025
  4. This is not an invitation to try to uncover lost memories. Be careful: the research of Elizabeth Loftus shows what a clinician can induce.

    “Don't take this as an invitation, by the way, to get into the camp where you think you can uncover all these memories. Be careful about that. If you look at the research of Elizabeth Loftus, you, the clinician, can absolutely endure”
    36:45Trauma and PTSD: How the DSM Criteria Actually Help Us Understand What’s Going OnOct 2026

Not psychosis

  1. Apparent voices, noises or flits of shadows in severe PTSD are often a dissociative process, not psychotic features.

    “a lot of the time, the experiences of hearing apparent voices, noises, or seeing things, even flits of shadows going past that you see in the severe PTSD is a dissociative process and not properly with psychotic features process”
    17:11PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025
  2. Those voices are parts of the self that have been split off and experienced as separate from the core self. In our experience, and we think in the research, they do not respond to dopamine blockade.

    “Those are really just parts of the self that have been split off in terms of an experience, experienced as different or at least separate from the core self. And that does not, in my experience, and I think in the research, actually respond to dopamine blockade”
    31:28What is Psychosis? Look at the DSM, Common Mimics, and a Framework for the DifferentialJan 2026
  3. Do not chase them by pumping up the antipsychotic. Most of the time it does not work or just oversedates. It is not dangerous, and the treatment target is not zero voices, noises or experiences.

    “OK, don't chase that by pumping up the antipsychotic. Most of the time doesn't work or you're just over sedating them so that they don't have that anymore. It's not dangerous. The treatment target is not zero voices, noises, experiences”
    32:14PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025

In the room and talking to patients

  1. When a patient starts to dissociate, name it and orient them: "I notice you're getting a little different there; this seems like a lot for you." Then ask simple present-moment questions: your name, where you are, who I am, the color of the chair.

    “i notice you're getting a little different there it seems like maybe you're being bothered or this is a lot for you uh let's just go over some things right now can you tell me your name okay where are you right now who am i What's the color of the chair that you're on”
    16:16Psychodynamic Technique and Therapeutic Intervention: ContainmentApr 2026
  2. Advise against fighting it. Fighting seems to pull people into a generalized fear or anxiety response.

    “I probably advise against fighting it. Part of that fighting response seems to pull people into a generalized fear or anxiety response that might make things work”
    36:27PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025
  3. Many people fear they are completely out of control or almost unconscious during dissociation, which is not generally true. Tell them so.

    “a lot of people are also afraid that they're completely out of control. or can't do anything at all, or are almost unconscious during dissociation, which is not generally true”
    38:10PTSD Medications: Integrating Pharmacotherapy, Therapy, and the Treatment Frame | Episode 22Apr 2025

It also comes up on

From these episodes

Every point above is something said on the Psychofarm podcast, with the words as spoken and a link to the moment in the episode. It is education, not medical advice, and an episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it.

Educational content only. Everything here is what was said on the Psychofarm podcast, for clinicians. It is not medical advice and not a substitute for clinical judgment, current labeling or guidelines. An episode reflects what we thought when we recorded it, so check anything before you rely on it.